
CHAPTER 13
New York City
photo from Tide Mill Institute at Facebook
New York City
Dorp
and Sam traveled up the eastern seaboard in the Gulf Stream until
they reached Georges Bank.
This is an underwater feature east of the Gulf
of Maine.
The Gulf of Maine
is the coastline for famous places like Boston, Cape Cod, and
Portland, Maine, not Portland (Oregon), nor Portland (Texas), nor
Portland (Tennessee), nor Portland (Connecticut).
They were pushed
into the Gulf of Maine by the incoming tide.
The friction between the northbound Gulf Stream and the southbound
Labrador Current creates eddies, or slow -moving whirlpools that mix
the water between the two currents.
The Gulf of Maine has extreme
tidal ranges. A tidal range is the difference in sea level between
high tide and low tide.
While the average tidal range worldwide is
about three feet, the Gulf of Maine area has the deepest range of
tides in the world, with differences between high tide and low tide being up to 50 feet.
“Mr. Dorp, In
the moonlight, I can see the tide going in, and we’re part of it.”
“Yes;
and because this is the Gulf of Maine, this will not be a subtle
ride.”
“This
tide has a lot of energy in it. Why can’t that energy be
converted into something useful for people?”
“It
is. Have you heard of a tidal mill? A very interesting machine, it
is.”
“Is
it a grist mill?”
“It
is, Sam, but it is ‘a grist with a twist.’ It sits where a river
enters an ocean or sea.
The dam that holds back the water has hinged
panels.
The incoming tide pushes the panels open so the tide can move
upstream into the river and raise the water level.
When the tide has reached its
high point and begins to recede, the water changes
direction and moves seaward again.
When this happens, the panels
close and the water is trapped behind the dam. With the gates closed,
the outgoing river makes the water behind the dam even deeper. At
that point, the miller turns on the mill and begins grinding. Since
the flow of the tide is available every day, there is always waterpower available, even in times of inland drought."
“That’s
pretty cool. So, the miller has to go to work when the tide comes in,
does he?”
“Yes.”
“And you
said that tides are 12 hours and 25 minutes apart.”
“That
is correct.”
“Then
every day, the miller’s day starts 50 minutes later than the day
before.”
“Very
good, Sam. Some humans might have a problem with that. If a miller started
on the first day of a tidal cycle at 7am, by the 7th
day, he couldn’t start until noon. On the 15th
day, he could begin again at 6:40 in the morning. That would be quite
a schedule to keep up with.”
“Wow.
That’s worse that getting up for a new baby. Abby sure kept us a
lot at night. Perhaps she was on a tidal schedule.
Does tidal power
do other work?”
“Yes.
Tidal currents are being used to turn large, immersed blades in
estuaries
to generate electricity. Some even work in either direction, either
with the incoming tide or the outgoing tide.”
“What
is an estuary?
Isn’t that something to do with chickens laying eggs?”
“No, Sam.
An estuary is where a river enters an ocean or sea, and the fresh
water mixes with salt water. English-speaking humans call this water
‘brackish.’
Now here is the big news about the Gulf of Maine.
Besides the decline of Right whale, the codfish population is of
great concern. They have been overfished, and some people think they
might disappear.”
“Great-grandpa
Harry told me about taking cod liver oil when he was a kid.
He said it tastes terrible."
“I
have been thinking about these problems with the Right whale and the
Cod fish. They may be related.”
“I’m
all ears.” (Dorp was never quite sure if Sam’s enthusiasm was
genuine, except when he said ‘Wow!’)
“Ok, besides overfishing, another problem the cod have
are a parasite called the cod worm (Lernaeocera branchialis).
This
worm causes lowered weight gain and delayed reproductive capabilities
in codfish. This aggravates the problems caused by
overfishing. The
cod worm is a zooplankton, a copepod, one of the little creatures
that Right whales eat.
Now, while cod worms aren’t the right
whales’ favorite copepod lunch, I wonder how many more healthy
codfish there would be in the North Atlantic if there were 25,000
Right whales eating copepods, instead of the current puny Right whale
population of less than 500.
Remember, when a wildlife web loses a
predator, their prey then over-reproduce and throw the ecosystem
out of balance.
If my theory is correct, the codfish problem is
partly related to the Right Whale population.”
“Now, Sam, we are passing Hew Hampshire, which is a five-sided state. Three
sides each border another state, one side borders Canada and the
short side borders the Atlantic Ocean. It is nearly an inverted twin
to the state known for making a very popular syrup.”
“Vermont
and maple syrup?”
“Correct!”
They
drifted up just below Providence, Rhode Island, when they were
swallowed by a 15-pound bluefish, which continued to swim toward the
southwest. Instead of just passing through the gills, Sam and Dorp
were ingested with the bluefish’s lunch and became part of a muscle
cell. A few days later, a fishing charter from New Rochelle, New York
left the dock with a group of men on a Saturday half-day fishing
trip. They headed northeast, up Long Island Sound. The bluefish and
the fishing boat met. Sam and Dorp went home with a man named Tony, a
plumber by trade.
The
next day, Sunday, Dorp and Sam were sitting in a platter of Italian
bluefish, smothered in herbs and spaghetti sauce on a dining room
table in a house in Flushing, Queens, New York.
“Oh,
this is perfect! Absolutely perfect. We’re a dorp of water, in a
fish covered by a sauce that I can’t spell, in a place called
Flushing Queens. And we’re in the home of a plumber. Wow! How
ironic is that? How did this place get its name?"
“Not
Flushing Queens; it’s Flushing, Queens, New York. This city existed
before America had flushing toilets, Sam.
This area was Dutch
property in the 1640s and was named after the Dutch city
Vlissingen. If you heard someone with a Dutch accent say it, it would sound like
the English word Flushing.
This is where the trees for New York’s Central Park were nurseried. Remember that water tower in Flushing, Michigan? That town was
named after Flushing, Queens by a man who moved from here and helped
start that town in Michigan”
“Really?”
Sam asked, “Just like the miners from Illinois who named a river
Illinois in Oregon?
“Correct.”
Said Dorp. “Hmm. We may be here a while. This family talks so much, we may be tomorrow’s leftovers.”
Then
Sam wailed, “What will we do? I hate waiting. I know; since we’re
in spaghetti sauce, I can sing the spaghetti song.”
“Oh,
Sam, please don---“
“On
top of spaghetti, all covered with cheese
I lost my poor
meatball, when somebody sneezed.
It rolled off the table, and onto the floor
and then my poor meatball, rolled right out the door. It rolled through the garden, and under a bush
and then my poor meatball, turned right into moooosh.
It was a beef meatball, Sam said.”
It rolled off the table, and onto the floor
and then my poor meatball, rolled right out the door. It rolled through the garden, and under a bush
and then my poor meatball, turned right into moooosh.
It was a beef meatball, Sam said.”
“So
what do you think, huh, Mr. Dorp?”
“Sam,
you’re so close to Broadway, and yet so far away. Would you like to
hear the song in Italian?”
“Sulla
parte superiore di spaghetti
con formaggio
ho perso il mio povero inamorato
quando qualcuno ha starnutito
E rotolare fuori della tabella e sul pavimento
e poi la mia povera polpetta laminati
diritto fuori della porta
E laminati attraverso il giardino e sotto un cespuglio
e poi la mia povera polpetta girato a destra in poltiglia”
con formaggio
ho perso il mio povero inamorato
quando qualcuno ha starnutito
E rotolare fuori della tabella e sul pavimento
e poi la mia povera polpetta laminati
diritto fuori della porta
E laminati attraverso il giardino e sotto un cespuglio
e poi la mia povera polpetta girato a destra in poltiglia”
“Wow!
When did you learn Italian, if that’s what it was?”
“I’ve
been around, and have spent time in the great Opera House in
Florence,
though I must admit that my version does not rhyme as does
the English version.”
“I
really hate waiting, Mr. Dorp!”
“Sam,
I once spent 350 years locked in a bottle in a cave. Let’s do a
quiz to help pass the time.”
“Sitting
in a fish, and now a quiz, on summer vacation. Woe is me!”
“It’s
appropriate that we are in Queens, Sam, since you’re acting like
such a drama queen.”
Sam
gave a large sigh: “First question?”
“We’re
going over terms applied to water. Tell me what types of water there
are.”
“Yes
Sir; fresh or salt water, potable or non-potable, still or moving
waters, are the main categories. Then we have rain, drizzle, mist,
snow, hail, sleet, dew, fog, vapor, steam, frost and ice.”
“Good.
Name some relatively still bodies of water in natural form.”
“Hmm.
Puddle, pool, pond, lagoon, lake, cove, bay, bayou, aquifer, swamp,
wetlands, SPAGHETTI WITH BLUEFISH!!!”
“I
said in natural
form, Sam. Okay; now name distinctly moving waters.”
“Easy!
Spring, brook, stream, creek, river, waterfalls, delta and geyser,
sea and ocean.”
“Okay Sam;
now name large bodies of water.”
“Oceans,
seas, gulfs, big rivers, aquifers, polar caps and…glaciers.”
“Nice
touch, Sam. Now, what devices do humans use to store, transport or
use water?
“Argh,
matey. That’s a long’un. Bottles, cups, vats, skins, canteens,
tanks, tankards and tankers, water towers, reservoirs, pipelines,
sprayers, squirt guns, garden hoses, water balloons, irrigation
canals, steam boilers, ice cube trays, washing machines, soup pots,
radiators, tea kettles, water fountains, flower vases. Dishwashers,
kitchen and bathroom sinks, water parks, bathtubs and showers, ugh,
toilets, livestock watering tanks, swimming pools, mill ponds,
birdbaths, drinking straws, pet water dishes, hospital IVs, hot water
bottles, fire trucks, and steam irons.”
“Sam;
why do you say ‘ugh’ about toilets. Imagine life without them, especially at school. You would need to have 3 extra pair of
underwear in your backpack at all times. Now list adjectives that
describes things with water in them or on them."
“Speaking
of underwear; wet, damp, moist, soggy, saturated, waterlogged?”
“Define
a River, Galileo.”
“OK;
first, a river exists, not because it gives water, but because it
collects water. As the water leaves saturated ground via gravity, gravity pulls it to the lowest level. As other water molecules do the same, a
moving body of water is formed.”
“What
is ‘Stream Order’?”
“Sir; It
is the classification of streams from the smallest to the largest,
with twelve different levels. Where the Mississippi begins in
Minnesota is a 1st Order Stream; at New Orleans, it is a 12th Order
Stream.”
“Good.
What do you call the birthplace of moving water?”
“The
headwaters, Sir!”
“What
do call the merging of two rivers?”
“The
confluence.”
“Where
does a river and ocean meet?”
“At
the café at the dock? Or maybe at the estuary.”
“Cute.
At the estuary. Sam, how many gallons in a cubic foot of water, and
what does a gallon of water weigh?”
“A
cubic foot container holds 7.48 gallons of any liquid, and a gallon
of water weighs 8.34 pounds at 60° F., at sea level, which means a
cubic foot of water weighs 62.38 pounds, plus the container.”
“Good.
What is the study of water called?”
“Hydrology.”
“Good,”
Dorp said. “Is Dihydrogen monoxide a poisonous chemical?”
“It
sure sounds like it."
“Sam,
Dihydrogen monoxide is another name for water. Name a few trades that depend on water for their existence.”
“Plumbers,
divers, fishermen, lifeguards, watercolor artists, artists who paint
water and sailing scenes, pump makers and repairmen, tugboat crews,
sailors, surf and fishing supply shops, dam builders,
hydro-electricians, canal gate operators, water and sewer workers,
water and sewer line builders, crop and lawn irrigation people,
cruise ship and hot water spa employees.”
Finally,
Sam and Dorp were eaten in a helping of bluefish. The plumber’s
niece, Maria, dug into the platter and lifted out a helping and put it on her plate, along with some of the sauce that Sam can’t spell.
Maria
talked of her plan to attend another open-air art fair the next
Saturday.
She is a single girl who works as a fitter in a dress shop but aspires to be a potter. Her Uncle Tony, the plumber, lets her
keep her potting wheel in one corner of his shop. She has no ceramic
kiln but pays the hobby shop down the street to fire her pieces.
But
for now, she earns extra money helping people write love notes on wet
clay, then firing them into hard shards and putting them on string to
be given as romantic gifts. She goes to open-air art shows and craft
fairs on weekends and does this. Since this is custom-order work, she
mails the finished pieces to the customers or to their beau.
A couple
of months ago, she made a shard for a handsome young man, fired it,
and went to mail it. He wanted it mailed to his work address, which
Maria realized was just a couple of blocks from her workplace. She
decided to hand-deliver the shard over her lunch hour. When she took
it to him, he took the shard, but looked sad. Maria asked him what
was wrong. She was afraid he didn’t like the finished product. He
said he saw his girlfriend with another man. Maria felt bad for him.
Last
week, this same man found her at an art fair, and asked her out on a
date. She gave him her phone number but said she didn’t know if
she was able to date, because she helps look after her elderly
grandmother; but they could talk on the phone.
Uncle Tony heard that
and said, ‘that’s an excuse’.
Maria
again protested and said that the young man’s name is also Tony,
and it would cause too much confusion. Since they’re
not related, they couldn’t call them Big Tony and Little Tony.
Uncle
Tony then said that everyone could call him ‘Handsome Tony’ and
call the boy ‘Ugly Tony’. Maria shrieked and pretended she was
going to launch a forkful of fish at him.
Uncle Tony swerved and
said, ‘See! You’re already defensive for him’.
Maria
harrumphed, put her head down and went back to eating, a little red
in the cheeks.
Maria
ate the fish containing
Sam and Dorp, so that meant they might go to the arts and crafts fair on Saturday. After Sunday dinner, they went with Maria as she went about her life, and they wound up in her tear duct on her eye that next Saturday morning.
Sam
said, “Vlissengen becomes Flushing. Why are Dutch words so
strange?”
“They’re
not strange, Sam. They’re just different and have their own reason
for being what they are. The Dutch also have a word for ‘town.’
It is ‘dorp’. There is a neighborhood on the east side of Staten
Island called New Dorp.”
“Wow!”
Can we go there? I’ve been with a dorp, but never to a dorp.”
“I
don’t know if that will happen. We’ll have to see, Sam.”
“But
seriously, Mr. Dorp, I wished we could have come to New York from the
Great Lakes so I could ride the Erie Canal.”
“If
we had, we would not have just ridden the Erie Canal; we would have
been
the Erie Canal. The locks and dirt banks and such are the containers
for the true canal, which is the water. Besides, look at the ride you
had down the Mississippi River, though the Gulf of Mexico and up the
eastern seaboard.”
“Abe
Lincoln rode a flatboat down the river, then left the flatboat in New
Orleans. Is that what they did on canals before steamboats and gas
engines?”
“No,
Sam. Canals are slow-moving two-way water-streets, but the water
flows in just one direction. The boats used horses or mules to carry
the boats upstream, and to speed the boat going downstream. Some
boats even carried spare pulling-animals. These boats carried
freight, people, or both. The fancy people-haulers, called ‘packets,’
were dressed up as much as possible for narrow river boats of the
day. They fed and berthed the travelers.”
“What
do you mean birthed? Did the women have babies on the boat?”
“Although
I suspect there were babies born on these boats, I said berth, not
birth. The word berth has several meanings.
It is a space on the dock
where ships dock. It is also a narrow bed on a ship or train
where overnight travelers can sleep.”
“Hmm.
Did canals really help people back then? It seems like a lot of work to dig a canal, especially without machines.”
“Absolutely,
young man. It was estimated that a harness of two horses could pull 8
times more freight on water as they could on land. Again, water
creates less friction. Canals can also shorten the difference
between two points. The Panama Canal shortens a trip from New York to San
Francisco journey by over 7,800 miles.”
“Don’t
the ships have to pay tolls though?”
“Yes; I've heard the highest toll ever paid was at the Panama Canal was over $375,000
to let an ocean liner through.”
“Wow.
Even so, I wish I could have lived in the northeast last century and
traveled a canal boat.”
“Such
boats still operate as tourist services on the canals in northeast
America and in Europe, even as horse-drawn affairs. Rides can be
hired either as a day trips or week-long excursions. One can even
rent a motorized canal boat and travel around. Oh look, we’re
coming up to the art fair now.”
Sam
and Dorp were on her eyeball and stayed there quite a while, in tear
years.
“Is
this going to be interesting? Girl-ish art? Please.”
Sam
looked at Dorp suspiciously with one eye half-closed.”
“We
are here to see how arts and crafts need water.”
Maria
pulled her little trolley filled with supplies into the crafts spot
and set up her folding table. She began to work her trade to the
people attending the craft fair. Dorp began pointing out types of
art that need water to function.
“Look
at Maria; her clay stays pliable because of water.
The watercolor artist across the alley of course, needs water as a solvent for the
paint.
That young man over there is playing a violin formed with
steam, as many wooden instruments are.
The leather smith uses leather tanned
by water-based solutions.
Metal-working artisans use water to cool
items heated in the forming process.
Of course, the toy sailboat
maker needs water to make his toys useable.”
“I’ve
never sailed a toy sailboat. I would like to do that sometime.”
“They’re
not as popular where you have lived, partly because of geography, and
partly because of different cultures.
Now look over there. The
birdhouse maker puts raw metal for the roof in vinegar, which is
diluted with water,
to give patina to the metal.
Sam, the thread in
those embroidered key chains over there were dyed different colors in
water-based solutions.
The art glass for sale over there is made by
glass blowers using shaping tools made of wood, soaked in water to
keep them from scorching.
Both fine wood furniture and marble
sculptures use water-sanding in the final stages of finishing.
“Well,
I guess there’s not art much we can do without water, is there?”
Dorp
was about to agree, when a bit of wind blew into Maria’s eye and
sent them airborne. They headed down the street, but saw a man come
up to Maria with a bouquet of flowers.
“It
appears that ‘Ugly’ Tony has found our Maria.”
Dorp noted.
“I’m
surprised we stayed in her eye for so long. Why did it take us so
long to evaporate?”
“We
were a part of tears, which are salty. Salt hangs onto water. It
takes water longer to evaporate out of salt water than it does out of
fresh water. Think of how much flooding there
would be if the salt-water oceans were all fresh water.”
“Hmm.
How do we know that?”
“Humans
have tested the difference in evaporation rates between equal amounts
of salt water and fresh water. Fresh water evaporates faster. Also,
salt is one reason that plant roots absorb water via osmosis. When
plants drink water, it is actually the salt in the plant that pulls
the water inside. This same principle is what makes you thirsty when
you eat salty foods.”
“What
if the soil is saltier than the plant? My grandpa kills thistles by
cutting them off then sprinkling salt on the cut.”
“Then
the soil sucks the water out of the plant, and the plant dies of
dehydration.”
A
man was walking along, taking change out a little zip-bag to pay for
a soft drink. Dorp and Sam wound up in the bag and were captured when
the zipper of the vinyl bag was shut.
I
wonder where they will turnip next?
Perhaps in a vegetable garden?

Erie Canal. Photo: Pinterest