CHAPTER 13

New York City

photo from Tide Mill Institute at Facebook

New York City

Dorp and Sam traveled up the eastern seaboard in the Gulf Stream until they reached Georges Bank. 
This is an underwater feature east of the Gulf of Maine
The Gulf of Maine is the coastline for famous places like Boston, Cape Cod, and Portland, Maine, not Portland (Oregon), nor Portland (Texas), nor Portland (Tennessee), nor Portland (Connecticut). 

They were pushed into the Gulf of Maine by the incoming tide. The friction between the northbound Gulf Stream and the southbound Labrador Current creates eddies, or slow -moving whirlpools that mix the water between the two currents. 
The Gulf of Maine has extreme tidal ranges. A tidal range is the difference in sea level between high tide and low tide. 
While the average tidal range worldwide is about three feet, the Gulf of Maine area has the deepest range of tides in the world, with differences between high tide and low tide being up to 50 feet. 

“Mr. Dorp, In the moonlight, I can see the tide going in, and we’re part of it.” 

“Yes; and because this is the Gulf of Maine, this will not be a subtle ride.” 

“This tide has a lot of energy in it. Why can’t that energy be converted into something useful for people?”

“It is. Have you heard of a tidal mill? A very interesting machine, it is.” 

“Is it a grist mill?” 

“It is, Sam, but it is ‘a grist with a twist.’ It sits where a river enters an ocean or sea. 
The dam that holds back the water has hinged panels. 
The incoming tide pushes the panels open so the tide can move upstream into the river and raise the water level. 
When the tide has reached its high point and begins to recede, the water changes direction and moves seaward again. 
When this happens, the panels close and the water is trapped behind the dam. With the gates closed, the outgoing river makes the water behind the dam even deeper. At that point, the miller turns on the mill and begins grinding. Since the flow of the tide is available every day, there is always waterpower available, even in times of inland drought."

“That’s pretty cool. So, the miller has to go to work when the tide comes in, does he?” 

“Yes.” 

“And you said that tides are 12 hours and 25 minutes apart.” 

“That is correct.” 

“Then every day, the miller’s day starts 50 minutes later than the day before.” 

“Very good, Sam. Some humans might have a problem with that. If a miller started on the first day of a tidal cycle at 7am, by the 7th day, he couldn’t start until noon. On the 15th day, he could begin again at 6:40 in the morning. That would be quite a schedule to keep up with.” 

“Wow. That’s worse that getting up for a new baby. Abby sure kept us a lot at night. Perhaps she was on a tidal schedule. 
Does tidal power do other work?” 

“Yes. Tidal currents are being used to turn large, immersed blades in estuaries to generate electricity. Some even work in either direction, either with the incoming tide or the outgoing tide.” 

“What is an estuary? Isn’t that something to do with chickens laying eggs?” 

“No, Sam. An estuary is where a river enters an ocean or sea, and the fresh water mixes with salt water. English-speaking humans call this water ‘brackish.’ 
Now here is the big news about the Gulf of Maine. Besides the decline of Right whale, the codfish population is of great concern. They have been overfished, and some people think they might disappear.” 

“Great-grandpa Harry told me about taking cod liver oil when he was a kid. He said it tastes terrible." 

I have been thinking about these problems with the Right whale and the Cod fish. They may be related.” 

I’m all ears.” (Dorp was never quite sure if Sam’s enthusiasm was genuine, except when he said ‘Wow!’)

Ok, besides overfishing, another problem the cod have are a parasite called the cod worm (Lernaeocera branchialis). 
This worm causes lowered weight gain and delayed reproductive capabilities in codfish. This aggravates the problems caused by 
overfishing. The cod worm is a zooplankton, a copepod, one of the little creatures that Right whales eat. 
Now, while cod worms aren’t the right whales’ favorite copepod lunch, I wonder how many more healthy codfish there would be in the North Atlantic if there were 25,000 Right whales eating copepods, instead of the current puny Right whale population of less than 500. 
Remember, when a wildlife web loses a predator, their prey then over-reproduce and throw the ecosystem out of balance. 
If my theory is correct, the codfish problem is partly related to the Right Whale population.” 

“Now, Sam, we are passing Hew Hampshire, which is a five-sided state. Three sides each border another state, one side borders Canada and the short side borders the Atlantic Ocean. It is nearly an inverted twin to the state known for making a very popular syrup.” 

“Vermont and maple syrup?” 

“Correct!” 

They drifted up just below Providence, Rhode Island, when they were swallowed by a 15-pound bluefish, which continued to swim toward the southwest. Instead of just passing through the gills, Sam and Dorp were ingested with the bluefish’s lunch and became part of a muscle cell. A few days later, a fishing charter from New Rochelle, New York left the dock with a group of men on a Saturday half-day fishing trip. They headed northeast, up Long Island Sound. The bluefish and the fishing boat met. Sam and Dorp went home with a man named Tony, a plumber by trade. 

The next day, Sunday, Dorp and Sam were sitting in a platter of Italian bluefish, smothered in herbs and spaghetti sauce on a dining room table in a house in Flushing, Queens, New York.

“Oh, this is perfect! Absolutely perfect. We’re a dorp of water, in a fish covered by a sauce that I can’t spell, in a place called Flushing Queens. And we’re in the home of a plumber. Wow! How ironic is that? How did this place get its name?" 

“Not Flushing Queens; it’s Flushing, Queens, New York. This city existed before America had flushing toilets, Sam. 
This area was Dutch property in the 1640s and was named after the Dutch city Vlissingen. If you heard someone with a Dutch accent say it, it would sound like the English word Flushing. This is where the trees for New York’s Central Park were nurseried. Remember that water tower in Flushing, Michigan? That town was named after Flushing, Queens by a man who moved from here and helped start that town in Michigan” 

“Really?” Sam asked, “Just like the miners from Illinois who named a river Illinois in Oregon? 

“Correct.” Said Dorp. “Hmm. We may be here a while. This family talks so much, we may be tomorrow’s leftovers.” 

Then Sam wailed, “What will we do? I hate waiting. I know; since we’re in spaghetti sauce, I can sing the spaghetti song.” 

“Oh, Sam, please don---“ 

“On top of spaghetti, all covered with cheese
I lost my poor meatball, when somebody sneezed.
It rolled off the table, and onto the floor
and then my poor meatball, rolled right out the door. It rolled through the garden, and under a bush
and then my poor meatball, turned right into moooosh.
It was a beef meatball, Sam said.” 

“So what do you think, huh, Mr. Dorp?” 

“Sam, you’re so close to Broadway, and yet so far away. Would you like to hear the song in Italian?” 

“Sulla parte superiore di spaghetti
con formaggio
ho perso il mio povero inamorato
quando qualcuno ha starnutito

E rotolare fuori della tabella e sul pavimento
e poi la mia povera polpetta laminati
diritto fuori della porta
E laminati attraverso il giardino e sotto un cespuglio
e poi la mia povera polpetta girato a destra in poltiglia” 

“Wow! When did you learn Italian, if that’s what it was?” 

“I’ve been around, and have spent time in the great Opera House in Florence, 
though I must admit that my version does not rhyme as does the English version.” 

“I really hate waiting, Mr. Dorp!” 

“Sam, I once spent 350 years locked in a bottle in a cave. Let’s do a quiz to help pass the time.” 

“Sitting in a fish, and now a quiz, on summer vacation. Woe is me!” 

“It’s appropriate that we are in Queens, Sam, since you’re acting like such a drama queen.” 

Sam gave a large sigh: “First question?” 

“We’re going over terms applied to water. Tell me what types of water there are.” 

“Yes Sir; fresh or salt water, potable or non-potable, still or moving waters, are the main categories. Then we have rain, drizzle, mist, snow, hail, sleet, dew, fog, vapor, steam, frost and ice.” 

“Good. Name some relatively still bodies of water in natural form.” 

“Hmm. Puddle, pool, pond, lagoon, lake, cove, bay, bayou, aquifer, swamp, wetlands, SPAGHETTI WITH BLUEFISH!!!” 

“I said in natural form, Sam. Okay; now name distinctly moving waters.” 

“Easy! Spring, brook, stream, creek, river, waterfalls, delta and geyser, sea and ocean.” 

“Okay Sam; now name large bodies of water.” 

“Oceans, seas, gulfs, big rivers, aquifers, polar caps and…glaciers.” 

“Nice touch, Sam. Now, what devices do humans use to store, transport or use water? 

“Argh, matey. That’s a long’un. Bottles, cups, vats, skins, canteens, tanks, tankards and tankers, water towers, reservoirs, pipelines, sprayers, squirt guns, garden hoses, water balloons, irrigation canals, steam boilers, ice cube trays, washing machines, soup pots, radiators, tea kettles, water fountains, flower vases. Dishwashers, kitchen and bathroom sinks, water parks, bathtubs and showers, ugh, toilets, livestock watering tanks, swimming pools, mill ponds, birdbaths, drinking straws, pet water dishes, hospital IVs, hot water bottles, fire trucks, and steam irons.” 

“Sam; why do you say ‘ugh’ about toilets. Imagine life without them, especially at school. You would need to have 3 extra pair of underwear in your backpack at all times. Now list adjectives that describes things with water in them or on them." 

“Speaking of underwear; wet, damp, moist, soggy, saturated, waterlogged?” 

“Define a River, Galileo.” 

“OK; first, a river exists, not because it gives water, but because it collects water. As the water leaves saturated ground via gravity, gravity pulls it to the lowest level. As other water molecules do the same, a moving body of water is formed.” 

“What is ‘Stream Order’?” 

“Sir; It is the classification of streams from the smallest to the largest, with twelve different levels. Where the Mississippi begins in Minnesota is a 1st Order Stream; at New Orleans, it is a 12th Order Stream.” 

“Good. What do you call the birthplace of moving water?” 

“The headwaters, Sir!” 

“What do call the merging of two rivers?” 

“The confluence.” “Where does a river and ocean meet?” 

“At the café at the dock? Or maybe at the estuary.” 

“Cute. At the estuary. Sam, how many gallons in a cubic foot of water, and what does a gallon of water weigh?” 

“A cubic foot container holds 7.48 gallons of any liquid, and a gallon of water weighs 8.34 pounds at 60° F., at sea level, which means a cubic foot of water weighs 62.38 pounds, plus the container.” 

“Good. What is the study of water called?” 

“Hydrology.” 

“Good,” Dorp said. “Is Dihydrogen monoxide a poisonous chemical?” 

“It sure sounds like it." 

“Sam, Dihydrogen monoxide is another name for water. Name a few trades that depend on water for their existence.”

“Plumbers, divers, fishermen, lifeguards, watercolor artists, artists who paint water and sailing scenes, pump makers and repairmen, tugboat crews, sailors, surf and fishing supply shops, dam builders, hydro-electricians, canal gate operators, water and sewer workers, water and sewer line builders, crop and lawn irrigation people, cruise ship and hot water spa employees.” 

Finally, Sam and Dorp were eaten in a helping of bluefish. The plumber’s niece, Maria, dug into the platter and lifted out a helping and put it on her plate, along with some of the sauce that Sam can’t spell. Maria talked of her plan to attend another open-air art fair the next Saturday. 

She is a single girl who works as a fitter in a dress shop but aspires to be a potter. Her Uncle Tony, the plumber, lets her keep her potting wheel in one corner of his shop. She has no ceramic kiln but pays the hobby shop down the street to fire her pieces. 

But for now, she earns extra money helping people write love notes on wet clay, then firing them into hard shards and putting them on string to be given as romantic gifts. She goes to open-air art shows and craft fairs on weekends and does this. Since this is custom-order work, she mails the finished pieces to the customers or to their beau. 

A couple of months ago, she made a shard for a handsome young man, fired it, and went to mail it. He wanted it mailed to his work address, which Maria realized was just a couple of blocks from her workplace. She decided to hand-deliver the shard over her lunch hour. When she took it to him, he took the shard, but looked sad. Maria asked him what was wrong. She was afraid he didn’t like the finished product. He said he saw his girlfriend with another man. Maria felt bad for him. 

Last week, this same man found her at an art fair, and asked her out on a date. She gave him her phone number but said she didn’t know if she was able to date, because she helps look after her elderly grandmother; but they could talk on the phone. 

Uncle Tony heard that and said, ‘that’s an excuse’. Maria again protested and said that the young man’s name is also Tony, and it would cause too much confusion. Since they’re not related, they couldn’t call them Big Tony and Little Tony. 

Uncle Tony then said that everyone could call him ‘Handsome Tony’ and call the boy ‘Ugly Tony’. Maria shrieked and pretended she was going to launch a forkful of fish at him. 

Uncle Tony swerved and said, ‘See! You’re already defensive for him’. 

Maria harrumphed, put her head down and went back to eating, a little red in the cheeks. Maria ate the fish containing 
Sam and Dorp, so that meant they might go to the arts and crafts fair on Saturday. After Sunday dinner, they went with Maria as she went about her life, and they wound up in her tear duct on her eye that next Saturday morning.

Sam said, “Vlissengen becomes Flushing. Why are Dutch words so strange?” 

“They’re not strange, Sam. They’re just different and have their own reason for being what they are. The Dutch also have a word for ‘town.’ It is ‘dorp’. There is a neighborhood on the east side of Staten Island called New Dorp.” 

“Wow!” Can we go there? I’ve been with a dorp, but never to a dorp.” 

“I don’t know if that will happen. We’ll have to see, Sam.” 

“But seriously, Mr. Dorp, I wished we could have come to New York from the Great Lakes so I could ride the Erie Canal.” 

“If we had, we would not have just ridden the Erie Canal; we would have been the Erie Canal. The locks and dirt banks and such are the containers for the true canal, which is the water. Besides, look at the ride you had down the Mississippi River, though the Gulf of Mexico and up the eastern seaboard.” 

“Abe Lincoln rode a flatboat down the river, then left the flatboat in New Orleans. Is that what they did on canals before steamboats and gas engines?” 

“No, Sam. Canals are slow-moving two-way water-streets, but the water flows in just one direction. The boats used horses or mules to carry the boats upstream, and to speed the boat going downstream. Some boats even carried spare pulling-animals. These boats carried freight, people, or both. The fancy people-haulers, called ‘packets,’ were dressed up as much as possible for narrow river boats of the day. They fed and berthed the travelers.” 

 “What do you mean birthed? Did the women have babies on the boat?” 

“Although I suspect there were babies born on these boats, I said berth, not birth. The word berth has several meanings. 
It is a space on the dock where ships dock. It is also a narrow bed on a ship or train where overnight travelers can sleep.” 

“Hmm. Did canals really help people back then? It seems like a lot of work to dig a canal, especially without machines.”

“Absolutely, young man. It was estimated that a harness of two horses could pull 8 times more freight on water as they could on land. Again, water creates less friction. Canals can also shorten the difference between two points. The Panama Canal shortens a trip from New York to San Francisco journey by over 7,800 miles.” 

“Don’t the ships have to pay tolls though?” 

“Yes; I've heard the highest toll ever paid was at the Panama Canal was over $375,000 to let an ocean liner through.” 

“Wow. Even so, I wish I could have lived in the northeast last century and traveled a canal boat.” 

“Such boats still operate as tourist services on the canals in northeast America and in Europe, even as horse-drawn affairs. Rides can be hired either as a day trips or week-long excursions. One can even rent a motorized canal boat and travel around. Oh look, we’re coming up to the art fair now.” 

Sam and Dorp were on her eyeball and stayed there quite a while, in tear years. “Is this going to be interesting? Girl-ish art? Please.” Sam looked at Dorp suspiciously with one eye half-closed.” 

“We are here to see how arts and crafts need water.” 

Maria pulled her little trolley filled with supplies into the crafts spot and set up her folding table. She began to work her trade to the people attending the craft fair. Dorp began pointing out types of art that need water to function. 

“Look at Maria; her clay stays pliable because of water. 
The watercolor artist across the alley of course, needs water as a solvent for the paint. 
That young man over there is playing a violin formed with steam, as many wooden instruments are. 
The leather smith uses leather tanned by water-based solutions. 
Metal-working artisans use water to cool items heated in the forming process. 
Of course, the toy sailboat maker needs water to make his toys useable.” 

“I’ve never sailed a toy sailboat. I would like to do that sometime.” 

“They’re not as popular where you have lived, partly because of geography, and partly because of different cultures. 
Now look over there. The birdhouse maker puts raw metal for the roof in vinegar, which is diluted with water, 
to give patina to the metal. 
Sam, the thread in those embroidered key chains over there were dyed different colors in water-based solutions. 
The art glass for sale over there is made by glass blowers using shaping tools made of wood, soaked in water to keep them from scorching. 
Both fine wood furniture and marble sculptures use water-sanding in the final stages of finishing. 

“Well, I guess there’s not art much we can do without water, is there?” 

Dorp was about to agree, when a bit of wind blew into Maria’s eye and sent them airborne. They headed down the street, but saw a man come up to Maria with a bouquet of flowers. “It appears that ‘Ugly’ Tony has found our Maria.” 

Dorp noted. “I’m surprised we stayed in her eye for so long. Why did it take us so long to evaporate?” 

We were a part of tears, which are salty. Salt hangs onto water. It takes water longer to evaporate out of salt water than it does out of fresh water. Think of how much flooding there would be if the salt-water oceans were all fresh water.”

Hmm. How do we know that?” 

Humans have tested the difference in evaporation rates between equal amounts of salt water and fresh water. Fresh water evaporates faster. Also, salt is one reason that plant roots absorb water via osmosis. When plants drink water, it is actually the salt in the plant that pulls the water inside. This same principle is what makes you thirsty when you eat salty foods.” 

What if the soil is saltier than the plant? My grandpa kills thistles by cutting them off then sprinkling salt on the cut.” 

Then the soil sucks the water out of the plant, and the plant dies of dehydration.” 

A man was walking along, taking change out a little zip-bag to pay for a soft drink. Dorp and Sam wound up in the bag and were captured when the zipper of the vinyl bag was shut. 

I wonder where they will turnip next? 
Perhaps in a vegetable garden? 

Erie Canal. Photo: Pinterest
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